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Slow write performance on Compaq Smart Array 64xx (ciss0)Why is the write performance of my RAID controller so slow? I've noticed
the problem on this server and another Intel Xeon based server with the same controller. Both are running OpenBSD 4.0 generic. I will focus on the amd64 box in this email. If this is fixed in current, great, I'll upgrade. If not, will it be fixed in 4.1? Here is a basic write test: (write test running bsd kernel) # dd if=/dev/zero of=/data/testfile count=20000 bs=128k 20000+0 records in 20000+0 records out 2621440000 bytes transferred in 113.978 secs (22999380 bytes/sec) (write test running bsd.mp kernel) # dd if=/dev/zero of=/data/testfile count=20000 bs=128k 20000+0 records in 20000+0 records out 2621440000 bytes transferred in 115.765 secs (22644445 bytes/sec) Here is some information about the system: # sysctl hw.sensors hw.sensors.0=ciss0, sd0, drive online, OK # bioctl -h ciss0 Volume Status Size Device ciss0 0 Online 1.4T sd0 RAID5 0 Online 279G 1:0.0 noencl <COMPAQ BD3008A4C6 1 Online 279G 1:1.0 noencl <COMPAQ BD30089BBA 2 Online 279G 1:2.0 noencl <COMPAQ BD30089BBA 3 Online 279G 1:3.0 noencl <COMPAQ BD30089BBA 4 Online 279G 1:4.0 noencl <COMPAQ BD30089BBA 5 Online 279G 1:5.0 noencl <COMPAQ BD30089BBA # dmesg OpenBSD 4.0 (GENERIC.MP) #967: Sat Sep 16 20:38:15 MDT 2006 deraadt@...:/usr/src/sys/arch/amd64/compile/GENERIC.MP real mem = 4118376448 (4021852K) avail mem = 3536994304 (3454096K) using 22937 buffers containing 412045312 bytes (402388K) of memory mainbus0 (root) bios0 at mainbus0: SMBIOS rev. 2.3 @ 0xec000 (64 entries) bios0: HP ProLiant DL385 G1 mainbus0: Intel MP Specification (Version 1.4) (HP PROLIANT ) cpu0 at mainbus0: apid 0 (boot processor) cpu0: AMD Opteron(tm) Processor 285, 2606.23 MHz cpu0: FPU,VME,DE,PSE,TSC,MSR,PAE,MCE,CX8,APIC,SEP,MTRR,PGE,MCA,CMOV,PAT,PSE36,CFLUSH,MMX,FXSR,SSE,SSE2,HTT,SSE3,NXE,MMXX,FFXSR,LONG,3DNOW2,3DNOW cpu0: 64KB 64b/line 2-way I-cache, 64KB 64b/line 2-way D-cache, 1MB 64b/line 16-way L2 cache cpu0: ITLB 32 4KB entries fully associative, 8 4MB entries fully associative cpu0: DTLB 32 4KB entries fully associative, 8 4MB entries fully associative cpu0: apic clock running at 200MHz cpu1 at mainbus0: apid 2 (application processor) cpu1: AMD Opteron(tm) Processor 285, 2605.91 MHz cpu1: FPU,VME,DE,PSE,TSC,MSR,PAE,MCE,CX8,APIC,SEP,MTRR,PGE,MCA,CMOV,PAT,PSE36,CFLUSH,MMX,FXSR,SSE,SSE2,HTT,SSE3,NXE,MMXX,FFXSR,LONG,3DNOW2,3DNOW cpu1: 64KB 64b/line 2-way I-cache, 64KB 64b/line 2-way D-cache, 1MB 64b/line 16-way L2 cache cpu1: ITLB 32 4KB entries fully associative, 8 4MB entries fully associative cpu1: DTLB 32 4KB entries fully associative, 8 4MB entries fully associative cpu2 at mainbus0: apid 1 (application processor) cpu2: AMD Opteron(tm) Processor 285, 2605.91 MHz cpu2: FPU,VME,DE,PSE,TSC,MSR,PAE,MCE,CX8,APIC,SEP,MTRR,PGE,MCA,CMOV,PAT,PSE36,CFLUSH,MMX,FXSR,SSE,SSE2,HTT,SSE3,NXE,MMXX,FFXSR,LONG,3DNOW2,3DNOW cpu2: 64KB 64b/line 2-way I-cache, 64KB 64b/line 2-way D-cache, 1MB 64b/line 16-way L2 cache cpu2: ITLB 32 4KB entries fully associative, 8 4MB entries fully associative cpu2: DTLB 32 4KB entries fully associative, 8 4MB entries fully associative cpu3 at mainbus0: apid 3 (application processor) cpu3: AMD Opteron(tm) Processor 285, 2605.91 MHz cpu3: FPU,VME,DE,PSE,TSC,MSR,PAE,MCE,CX8,APIC,SEP,MTRR,PGE,MCA,CMOV,PAT,PSE36,CFLUSH,MMX,FXSR,SSE,SSE2,HTT,SSE3,NXE,MMXX,FFXSR,LONG,3DNOW2,3DNOW cpu3: 64KB 64b/line 2-way I-cache, 64KB 64b/line 2-way D-cache, 1MB 64b/line 16-way L2 cache cpu3: ITLB 32 4KB entries fully associative, 8 4MB entries fully associative cpu3: DTLB 32 4KB entries fully associative, 8 4MB entries fully associative mpbios: bus 0 is type PCI mpbios: bus 1 is type PCI mpbios: bus 2 is type PCI mpbios: bus 3 is type PCI mpbios: bus 4 is type PCI mpbios: bus 5 is type PCI mpbios: bus 6 is type PCI mpbios: bus 32 is type ISA ioapic0 at mainbus0 apid 4 pa 0xfec00000, version 11, 24 pins ioapic1 at mainbus0 apid 5 pa 0xfec10000, version 11, 4 pins ioapic2 at mainbus0 apid 6 pa 0xfec20000, version 11, 4 pins ioapic3 at mainbus0 apid 7 pa 0xfdc00000, version 11, 4 pins ioapic4 at mainbus0 apid 8 pa 0xfdc10000, version 11, 4 pins pci0 at mainbus0 bus 0: configuration mode 1 ppb0 at pci0 dev 3 function 0 "AMD 8111 PCI-PCI" rev 0x07 pci1 at ppb0 bus 1 ohci0 at pci1 dev 0 function 0 "AMD 8111 USB" rev 0x0b: apic 4 int 19 (irq 5), version 1.0, legacy support usb0 at ohci0: USB revision 1.0 uhub0 at usb0 uhub0: AMD OHCI root hub, rev 1.00/1.00, addr 1 uhub0: 3 ports with 3 removable, self powered ohci1 at pci1 dev 0 function 1 "AMD 8111 USB" rev 0x0b: apic 4 int 19 (irq 5), version 1.0, legacy support usb1 at ohci1: USB revision 1.0 uhub1 at usb1 uhub1: AMD OHCI root hub, rev 1.00/1.00, addr 1 uhub1: 3 ports with 3 removable, self powered "Compaq iLO" rev 0x01 at pci1 dev 2 function 0 not configured "Compaq iLO" rev 0x01 at pci1 dev 2 function 2 not configured vga1 at pci1 dev 3 function 0 "ATI Rage XL" rev 0x27 wsdisplay0 at vga1 mux 1: console (80x25, vt100 emulation) wsdisplay0: screen 1-5 added (80x25, vt100 emulation) pcib0 at pci0 dev 4 function 0 "AMD AMD8111 LPC" rev 0x05 pciide0 at pci0 dev 4 function 1 "AMD 8111 IDE" rev 0x03: DMA, channel 0 configured to compatibility, channel 1 configured to compatibility atapiscsi0 at pciide0 channel 0 drive 0 scsibus0 at atapiscsi0: 2 targets cd0 at scsibus0 targ 0 lun 0: <TSSTcorp, CD-ROM TS-L162C, N204> SCSI0 5/cdrom removable cd0(pciide0:0:0): using PIO mode 4, Ultra-DMA mode 2 pciide0: channel 1 ignored (disabled) amdpm0 at pci0 dev 4 function 3 "AMD 8111 Power" rev 0x05: rng active iic0 at amdpm0 ppb1 at pci0 dev 7 function 0 "AMD 8131 PCIX" rev 0x12 pci2 at ppb1 bus 2 ciss0 at pci2 dev 4 function 0 "Compaq Smart Array 64xx" rev 0x01: apic 5 int 0 (irq 7) ciss0: 1 LD, HW rev 1, FW 2.58/2.58 scsibus1 at ciss0: 1 targets sd0 at scsibus1 targ 0 lun 0: <HP, LOGICAL VOLUME, 2.58> SCSI0 0/direct fixed sd0: 1430488MB, 1430488 cyl, 64 head, 32 sec, 512 bytes/sec, 2929640988 sec total aapic0 at pci0 dev 7 function 1 "AMD 8131 PCIX IOAPIC" rev 0x01 ppb2 at pci0 dev 8 function 0 "AMD 8131 PCIX" rev 0x12 pci3 at ppb2 bus 3 bge0 at pci3 dev 6 function 0 "Broadcom BCM5704C" rev 0x10, BCM5704 B0 (0x2100): apic 6 int 0 (irq 7), address xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx brgphy0 at bge0 phy 1: BCM5704 10/100/1000baseT PHY, rev. 0 bge1 at pci3 dev 6 function 1 "Broadcom BCM5704C" rev 0x10, BCM5704 B0 (0x2100): apic 6 int 1 (irq 10), address xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx brgphy1 at bge1 phy 1: BCM5704 10/100/1000baseT PHY, rev. 0 aapic1 at pci0 dev 8 function 1 "AMD 8131 PCIX IOAPIC" rev 0x01 pchb0 at pci0 dev 24 function 0 "AMD AMD64 HyperTransport" rev 0x00 pci4 at pchb0 bus 4 ppb3 at pci4 dev 9 function 0 "AMD 8131 PCIX" rev 0x12 pci5 at ppb3 bus 5 aapic2 at pci4 dev 9 function 1 "AMD 8131 PCIX IOAPIC" rev 0x01 ppb4 at pci4 dev 10 function 0 "AMD 8131 PCIX" rev 0x12 pci6 at ppb4 bus 6 aapic3 at pci4 dev 10 function 1 "AMD 8131 PCIX IOAPIC" rev 0x01 pchb1 at pci0 dev 24 function 1 "AMD AMD64 Address Map" rev 0x00 pchb2 at pci0 dev 24 function 2 "AMD AMD64 DRAM Cfg" rev 0x00 pchb3 at pci0 dev 24 function 3 "AMD AMD64 Misc Cfg" rev 0x00 pchb4 at pci0 dev 25 function 0 "AMD AMD64 HyperTransport" rev 0x00 pchb5 at pci0 dev 25 function 1 "AMD AMD64 Address Map" rev 0x00 pchb6 at pci0 dev 25 function 2 "AMD AMD64 DRAM Cfg" rev 0x00 pchb7 at pci0 dev 25 function 3 "AMD AMD64 Misc Cfg" rev 0x00 isa0 at pcib0 isadma0 at isa0 com0 at isa0 port 0x3f8/8 irq 4: ns16550a, 16 byte fifo com1 at isa0 port 0x2f8/8 irq 3: ns16550a, 16 byte fifo pckbc0 at isa0 port 0x60/5 pckbd0 at pckbc0 (kbd slot) pckbc0: using irq 1 for kbd slot wskbd0 at pckbd0: console keyboard, using wsdisplay0 pmsi0 at pckbc0 (aux slot) pckbc0: using irq 12 for aux slot wsmouse0 at pmsi0 mux 0 pcppi0 at isa0 port 0x61 midi0 at pcppi0: <PC speaker> spkr0 at pcppi0 fdc0 at isa0 port 0x3f0/6 irq 6 drq 2 dkcsum: sd0 matches BIOS drive 0x80 root on sd0a rootdev=0x400 rrootdev=0xd00 rawdev=0xd02 |
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Re: Slow write performance on Compaq Smart Array 64xx (ciss0)On Sun, Jan 28, 2007 at 12:29:21AM -0800, Joe wrote:
> Why is the write performance of my RAID controller so slow? ... > (write test running bsd kernel) > # dd if=/dev/zero of=/data/testfile count=20000 bs=128k > 20000+0 records in > 20000+0 records out > 2621440000 bytes transferred in 113.978 secs (22999380 bytes/sec) That's about 22MB per second. Sounds plausible to me, given that RAID5 arrays intrinsically have very poor write performance. What value were you expecting to see? For comparison, what do you get for the same test but for read speed? i.e. # dd if=/data/testfile of=/dev/null bs=128k RAID5 writes are slow because a single block write involves 4 disk operations (read old data block, read old parity, write new data block, write new parity). A non-volatile write-through cache can speed things up to a degree though. If you want high write performace, try setting up your six-disk array as three separate mirrored pairs, or as a single RAID-01 (strip/mirror) and see what you get. Of course your available storage size will be reduced to 3/5ths of what it was. Regards, Brian. |
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Re: Slow write performance on Compaq Smart Array 64xx (ciss0)On Sunday 28 January 2007 08:45, Brian Candler wrote:
> On Sun, Jan 28, 2007 at 12:29:21AM -0800, Joe wrote: > > Why is the write performance of my RAID controller so slow? > > ... > > > (write test running bsd kernel) > > # dd if=/dev/zero of=/data/testfile count=20000 bs=128k > > 20000+0 records in > > 20000+0 records out > > 2621440000 bytes transferred in 113.978 secs (22999380 bytes/sec) > > That's about 22MB per second. Sounds plausible to me, given that RAID5 > arrays intrinsically have very poor write performance. What value were you > expecting to see? This is what I see on a DL 380 G4. It has two 300GB drives in RAID1 configuration and 4 300 GB drives on RAID 5 configuration.: RAID5 with 4 300GB drives # dd if=/dev/zero of=testfile count=20000 bs=128k 20000+0 records in 20000+0 records out 2621440000 bytes transferred in 31.360 secs (83589627 bytes/sec) RAID 1 with 2 300 GB drives #dd if=/dev/zero of=testfile count=20000 bs=128k 20000+0 records in 20000+0 records out 2621440000 bytes transferred in 43.803 secs (59845997 bytes/sec) bioctl -h ciss0 gives me bioctl: Can't locate ciss0 device via /dev/bio If possible, please let me know what has to be set up to get the info from bioctl. sysctl hw gives me hw.machine=i386 hw.model=Intel(R) Xeon(TM) CPU 3.80GHz ("GenuineIntel" 686-class) hw.ncpu=1 hw.byteorder=1234 hw.physmem=2147000320 hw.usermem=2146467840 hw.pagesize=4096 hw.disknames=sd0,sd1,cd0,fd0 hw.diskcount=4 hw.cpuspeed=3801 hw.vendor=HP hw.product=ProLiant DL380 G4 It does not give me the type of output hw.sensors.0 etc. If possible, please let me know how to get this also. I can then run another test that makes it more comparable. > > For comparison, what do you get for the same test but for read speed? i.e. > > # dd if=/data/testfile of=/dev/null bs=128k > > RAID5 writes are slow because a single block write involves 4 disk > operations (read old data block, read old parity, write new data block, > write new parity). A non-volatile write-through cache can speed things up > to a degree though. > > If you want high write performace, try setting up your six-disk array as > three separate mirrored pairs, or as a single RAID-01 (strip/mirror) and > see what you get. Of course your available storage size will be reduced to > 3/5ths of what it was. > > Regards, > > Brian. > > > !DSPAM:1,45bcb760150711234514069! -- Vijay Sankar ForeTell Technologies Limited 59 Flamingo Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, Canada R3J 0X6 Phone: +1 (204) 885-9535, E-Mail: vsankar@... |
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Re: Slow write performance on Compaq Smart Array 64xx (ciss0)* Vijay Sankar <vsankar@...> [2007-01-28 16:07]:
> bioctl -h ciss0 gives me > > bioctl: Can't locate ciss0 device via /dev/bio ciss doesn't support bio yet. -- Henning Brauer, hb@..., henning@... BS Web Services, http://bsws.de Full-Service ISP - Secure Hosting, Mail and DNS Services Dedicated Servers, Rootservers, Application Hosting - Hamburg & Amsterdam |
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Re: Slow write performance on Compaq Smart Array 64xx (ciss0)On Sunday 28 January 2007 10:32, Henning Brauer wrote:
> * Vijay Sankar <vsankar@...> [2007-01-28 16:07]: > > bioctl -h ciss0 gives me > > > > bioctl: Can't locate ciss0 device via /dev/bio > > ciss doesn't support bio yet. Thank you very much, I will wait, for sure. I thought it was supported because of the dmesg submitted by joe <js.lists@...> and the output quoted in his original message # sysctl hw.sensors hw.sensors.0=ciss0, sd0, drive online, OK # bioctl -h ciss0 Volume Status Size Device ciss0 0 Online 1.4T sd0 RAID5 0 Online 279G 1:0.0 noencl <COMPAQ BD3008A4C6 1 Online 279G 1:1.0 noencl <COMPAQ BD30089BBA 2 Online 279G 1:2.0 noencl <COMPAQ BD30089BBA 3 Online 279G 1:3.0 noencl <COMPAQ BD30089BBA 4 Online 279G 1:4.0 noencl <COMPAQ BD30089BBA 5 Online 279G 1:5.0 noencl <COMPAQ BD30089BBA Vijay -- Vijay Sankar ForeTell Technologies Limited 59 Flamingo Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, Canada R3J 0X6 Phone: +1 (204) 885-9535, E-Mail: vsankar@... |
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Re: Slow write performance on Compaq Smart Array 64xx (ciss0)Brian Candler wrote:
> On Sun, Jan 28, 2007 at 12:29:21AM -0800, Joe wrote: >> Why is the write performance of my RAID controller so slow? > ... >> (write test running bsd kernel) >> # dd if=/dev/zero of=/data/testfile count=20000 bs=128k >> 20000+0 records in >> 20000+0 records out >> 2621440000 bytes transferred in 113.978 secs (22999380 bytes/sec) > > That's about 22MB per second. Sounds plausible to me, given that RAID5 > arrays intrinsically have very poor write performance. What value were you > expecting to see? > > For comparison, what do you get for the same test but for read speed? i.e. > > # dd if=/data/testfile of=/dev/null bs=128k > > RAID5 writes are slow because a single block write involves 4 disk > operations (read old data block, read old parity, write new data block, > write new parity). A non-volatile write-through cache can speed things up to > a degree though. > > If you want high write performace, try setting up your six-disk array as > three separate mirrored pairs, or as a single RAID-01 (strip/mirror) and see > what you get. Of course your available storage size will be reduced to > 3/5ths of what it was. > > Regards, > > Brian. > # dd if=/dev/zero of=./testfile count=1000000 1000000+0 records in 1000000+0 records out 512000000 bytes transferred in 16.354 secs (31306797 bytes/sec) # dd if=./testfile of=/dev/null count=1000000 1000000+0 records in 1000000+0 records out 512000000 bytes transferred in 6.013 secs (85137347 bytes/sec) So is 30MBps acceptable write speed for RAID 5 on a Compaq Smart Array 64xx controller? Could this be a driver issue? BTW, I have another box with the same controller, but in 2 disks in RAID 0. # bioctl -h ciss0 Volume Status Size Device ciss0 0 Online 136G sd0 RAID0 0 Online 67.8G 0:0.0 noencl <COMPAQ BD0728A4B4 1 Online 67.8G 0:1.0 noencl <COMPAQ BD0728A4B4 # dd if=/dev/zero of=/nsm/testfile count=20000 bs=128k 20000+0 records in 20000+0 records out 2621440000 bytes transferred in 29.696 secs (88274982 bytes/sec) |
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Re: Slow write performance on Compaq Smart Array 64xx (ciss0)On 1/28/07, Henning Brauer <lists-openbsd@...> wrote:
> * Vijay Sankar <vsankar@...> [2007-01-28 16:07]: > > bioctl -h ciss0 gives me > > > > bioctl: Can't locate ciss0 device via /dev/bio > > ciss doesn't support bio yet. Unless I'm mistaken, mickey@ added it pre-4.0 here: http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=openbsd-cvs&m=115671197617717&w=2 and bio(4) man page claims it's supported as does ciss(4) (albeit with a caveat) --Bill |
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Re: Slow write performance on Compaq Smart Array 64xx (ciss0)On Sun, Jan 28, 2007 at 11:28:27AM -0800, Joe wrote:
> Some more tests: > > # dd if=/dev/zero of=./testfile count=1000000 > 1000000+0 records in > 1000000+0 records out > 512000000 bytes transferred in 16.354 secs (31306797 bytes/sec) > > # dd if=./testfile of=/dev/null count=1000000 > > 1000000+0 records in > 1000000+0 records out > 512000000 bytes transferred in 6.013 secs (85137347 bytes/sec) > > So is 30MBps acceptable write speed for RAID 5 on a Compaq Smart Array > 64xx controller? > > Could this be a driver issue? I doubt it: clearly it can transfer data at 85MBps, and it's unlikely that the SCSI bus can transfer data faster in one direction than the other. I don't know this controller specifically, but maybe a better controller would give you better RAID5 write performance. Or maybe something isn't quite set up correctly on the card (e.g. if there's NVRAM write-through cache, maybe the battery isn't present or it's disabled for some other reason) > I have another box with the same controller, but in 2 disks in RAID 0. > > > # bioctl -h ciss0 > Volume Status Size Device > ciss0 0 Online 136G sd0 RAID0 > 0 Online 67.8G 0:0.0 noencl <COMPAQ BD0728A4B4 > 1 Online 67.8G 0:1.0 noencl <COMPAQ BD0728A4B4 > > > # dd if=/dev/zero of=/nsm/testfile count=20000 bs=128k > 20000+0 records in > 20000+0 records out > 2621440000 bytes transferred in 29.696 secs (88274982 bytes/sec) RAID 0 is just striping, so half the data gets written to one disk while half gets written to the other, so that would be expected to have better performance than a single disk. Regards, Brian. |
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Re: Slow write performance on Compaq Smart Array 64xx (ciss0)* Henning Brauer <lists-openbsd@...> [2007-01-28 17:37]:
> * Vijay Sankar <vsankar@...> [2007-01-28 16:07]: > > bioctl -h ciss0 gives me > > > > bioctl: Can't locate ciss0 device via /dev/bio > > ciss doesn't support bio yet. err, sorry, I missed that it is now, to some extent. -- Henning Brauer, hb@..., henning@... BS Web Services, http://bsws.de Full-Service ISP - Secure Hosting, Mail and DNS Services Dedicated Servers, Rootservers, Application Hosting - Hamburg & Amsterdam |
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Re: Slow write performance on Compaq Smart Array 64xx (ciss0)On Sun, Jan 28, 2007 at 05:32:41PM +0100, Henning Brauer wrote:
> * Vijay Sankar <vsankar@...> [2007-01-28 16:07]: > > bioctl -h ciss0 gives me > > > > bioctl: Can't locate ciss0 device via /dev/bio > > ciss doesn't support bio yet. rtfm bio(4) support is only possible for one volume right now. so if you'd have only sd0 there it'd work. cu -- paranoic mickey (my employers have changed but, the name has remained) |
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Re: Slow write performance on Compaq Smart Array 64xx (ciss0)On Sunday 28 January 2007 22:21, you wrote:
> On Sun, Jan 28, 2007 at 11:28:27AM -0800, Joe wrote: > > Some more tests: > > > > # dd if=/dev/zero of=./testfile count=1000000 > > 1000000+0 records in > > 1000000+0 records out > > 512000000 bytes transferred in 16.354 secs (31306797 bytes/sec) > > > > # dd if=./testfile of=/dev/null count=1000000 > > > > 1000000+0 records in > > 1000000+0 records out > > 512000000 bytes transferred in 6.013 secs (85137347 bytes/sec) > > > > So is 30MBps acceptable write speed for RAID 5 on a Compaq Smart Array > > 64xx controller? > > > > Could this be a driver issue? > > I doubt it: clearly it can transfer data at 85MBps, and it's unlikely that > the SCSI bus can transfer data faster in one direction than the other. > > I don't know this controller specifically, but maybe a better controller > would give you better RAID5 write performance. Or maybe something isn't > quite set up correctly on the card (e.g. if there's NVRAM write-through > cache, maybe the battery isn't present or it's disabled for some other > reason) You're right. Most probably this guy joe is lacking Battery Backed Write Cache enabler. HP ships their boxes without it as default. This will likely give some performance penalty. I told him to check if he has a BBWC in a previous mail but as most idiots on misc he ignored it and sent another mail asking the same question. :-) Regards Johan M:son |
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